Why Rabies Remains a Deadly Threat in Thailand Despite Available Vaccines
In 2025, two human deaths due to rabies were recorded in Prathai District, Thailand, revealing major gaps in the fight against this preventable disease. These two victims, bitten by unvaccinated stray dogs, had received no preventive treatment after their exposure. Yet, rabies is primarily transmitted through the saliva of infected animals and remains fatal once symptoms appear.
Prathai District, where no human cases had been reported for decades, experienced silent circulation of the virus among unvaccinated dogs. Investigations showed that over 3,400 bites or scratches were reported in seven months, resulting in a monthly incidence of 14 per 100,000 inhabitants. These figures far exceed those observed in countries like the United Kingdom or the United States, where bites are much less frequent.
Data analysis revealed that only 40% of the district’s dogs were actually vaccinated, far below the 70% recommended to halt transmission. Stray dogs, often unvaccinated, represent the main source of contamination. Among the animals tested, 21% were carriers of the virus, confirming active circulation in the region.
Another major issue is the abandonment of preventive treatment after a bite. Although most victims receive an initial dose of the vaccine, less than 1% complete the full five-injection protocol. This low adherence, especially in the hardest-hit areas, increases the risk of further deaths.
Spatial analyses identified three transmission hotspots, showing that human cases were not isolated but linked to areas where the virus is actively circulating among dogs. These findings highlight the urgency of strengthening animal vaccination, improving access to post-bite care, and raising awareness among local populations.
Combating rabies requires a coordinated approach between human, animal, and environmental health. Without these measures, the disease will continue to threaten communities, even where prevention tools exist.
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Original Publication
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-026-01782-9
Title: Spatial and epidemiologic analysis of two human rabies fatalities reveals transmission drivers and prevention gaps in Prathai district Thailand 2025
Journal: Discover Public Health
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Authors: Waritnun Anupat; Wichayaporn Wongbumru; Chonlada Siri; Kanidta Poobua; Khaneugnij Yueyai; Onphirul Yurachai; Teerasak Chuxnum